The Protective Role of Cranberries and Blueberries in Oral Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Oral cancer has a high prevalence worldwide, and this disease is caused by genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. The main risk factors associated with oral cancer are smoking and alcohol. RESULTS: There are various strategies to reduce risk factors, including prevention programs as well as the consumption of an adequate diet that includes phytochemical compounds derived from cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon A.) and blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.); these compounds exhibit antitumor properties. RESULTS: The main outcome of this review is as follows: the properties of phytochemicals derived from cranberries were evaluated for protection against risk factors associated with oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The secondary metabolites of cranberries promote biological effects that provide protection against smoking and alcoholism. An alternative for the prevention of oral cancer can be the consumption of these cranberries and blueberries.

The Effects of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers and Non-Healthcare Workers in Mexico: 14 Months into the Pandemic.

Background and Objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs) play important roles in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic and are more likely to become infected with COVID-19. Mexico, among other countries, had a high incidence and prevalence of cases and deaths from this disease. Material and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the clinical characteristics as well as the geographical distribution of cases, deaths, and active cases of COVID-19 in HCWs and non-HCWs using official information from the Ministry of Health of Mexico. Results: A total of 235,343 cases of COVID-19 were reported in healthcare workers, and 2,094,191 cases were reported in non-healthcare workers. A total of 76.0% of cases in healthcare workers occurred in those who were between 25 and 50 years of age, and 71.4% of deaths occurred in those who were 50 to 69 years of age. Among healthcare workers, the most frequent comorbidities were obesity (15.2%), hypertension (10.9%), and diabetes (6.8%). Nurses were the group with the most cases (39.7%), followed by other healthcare workers (30.6%), physicians (26%), and dentists (1.6%). Physicians were the group with the most deaths (46%), followed by other professionals (30%), nurses (19%), and dentists (3%). Conclusion: These findings are likely the result of healthcare workers in Mexico being at a greater risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

Socio-spatial organization reveals paternity and low kinship in the Honduran white bat (Ectophylla alba) in Costa Rica.

Ectophylla alba is a tent-making bat that roosts in mixed-sex clusters comprising adults and offspring. Our goal was to determine the genetic identity of individuals belonging to different roosting groups. We tested the hypothesis of kin selection as a major force structuring group composition. We used 9 microsatellites designed for E. alba to determine the genetic identity and probability of parentage of individuals. We analyzed parentage and kinship using the software ML-Relate, GenAIEx, and Cervus. The obtained relationship probabilities (0.5) revealed a clear maternal relationship between female adults and offspring with allele compatibility, and at least 5 relationships between male adults and pups. We found a low degree of relatedness within roosting groups. Between roosting groups at different sites, the mean probability of a half-sibling relationship ranged from 0.214 to 0.244 and, for full-sibling relationship, from 0.383 to 0.553. Genetically, adult individuals were poorly related within clusters, and kinship as an evolutionary force could not explain group membership.

Manejo clínico y quirúrgico del granuloma periférico de células gigantes / Clinical and surgical management of peripheral giant cell granuloma

El granuloma periférico de células gigantes es una lesión exofítica de la cavidad bucal, pertenece a las "hiperplasias reactivas" En la literatura solamente se han reportado 12 casos en pacientes infantiles, su crecimien-to es rápido, alcanza gran tamaño y se com-porta de manera agresiva ya que absorbe el hueso alveolar, produciendo movilidad dental e interfiere con la erupción. En este artículo se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 9 años, 6 meses de edad, el cual mostraba un crecimiento gingival en la zona de premolares superio-res derechos de color rojo, suave, forma irregular de aproximadamente 4 cm. de diámetro con una úlcera en la superficie oclusal, asintomático y de corta evolución. Refiere recidiva en menos de 6 meses; el diagnóstico histopatológico fue de granulo-ma periférico de células gigantes, el trata-miento fue quirúrgico, consistiendo en una toma de biopsia excisional y realizando el curetaje abierto . El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar oportunamente al granuloma periférico de células gigantes para evitar destrucción del hueso alveolar, evitando así la pérdida de los dientes permanentes...(AU)

The peripheral giant cell granuloma is an exophytic lesion developing in the oral ca-vity; it is one of the "reactive hyperplasias" The etiology is unknown In the literature only 12 cases have been reported in chil-dren, in these patients, it achieved rapid growth, behaving in an aggressive manner as it absorbed alveolar bone, leading to tooth mobility and interferes with eruption. This article presents the case of a male 9 years, 6 months old patient, who showed a red, soft, irregularly shaped gingival swelling involving the right maxillary premolars of 4cm in diameter with an ulcer in the oclusal side, asymptomatic and with short evolution. Recurrence appeared in less than 6 months; histopathologic diag-nosis was peripheral giant cell granuloma, the treatment was surgical. The purpose of this study was to identify the peripheral giant cell granuloma to avoid destruction of the alveolar bone, thus avoiding the loss of permanent teeth...(AU)

Técnica de endodoncia no instrumentada mediante el uso de la pasta CTZ / Non instrumented endodontic technique using CTZ paste

Los tratamientos odontológicos en niños tienen una gran complejidad en su realización y dependen de distintos factores para alcanzar el éxito clínico, estos pueden ser resumidos en tres, que son: la selección de los materiales, la habilidad o destreza por parte del clínico, además de la cooperación del paciente. Objetivo: Conocer las propiedades biológicas de la pasta CTZ, así como sus ventajas y desventajas frente a otros materiales actualmente usados en la terapia pulpar en niños. Métodos: Se realizó un tratamiento de pulpectomía, a través de la NIET (Técnica de Endodoncia No Instrumentada), en la clínica de Odontopediatría, de la DEPeI, de la Facultad de Odontología, de la UNAM, quien presentó proceso de necrosis pulpar. Resultados: Estudios recientes muestran que los componentes de la pasta CTZ, tienden a ser más efectivos en el tratamiento de pulpectomía que otros materiales, encontrando que pacientes tratado con esta pasta, a la exploración clínica dos semanas después de su colocación se encontraban asintomáticos; y el examen radiográfico realizado a los 2, 4 y 6 meses reveló una reducción o estabilización de la lesión periapical. Conclusiones: La pasta CTZ ha mostrado excelentes resultados y reduce la carga bacteriana hasta niveles mínimos. Las características de la pasta permiten al clínico realizar tratamientos pulpares en menor tiempo y obtener resultados superiores a otras técnicas convencionales...(AU)

Dental treatments in children are very complex to carry out and depend on different factors to obtain a clinical success, mainly depending in: selection of materials, clinical abilities and patient´s cooperation. Objective: To know the biological properties of the CZT paste, as well as its advantages and disadvantages compared with other materials currently used in pulpar therapy in children. Method: A pulpectomy treatment was carried out by NIET (non-instrumented endodontic technique in the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the Postgraduate School, School of Dentistry, UNAM. All patients presented pulpar necrosis. Results: Recent studies have shown that the components of the CZT paste are more effective in pulpectomy treatment than other materials, finding asymptomatic patients after two weeks of treatment with this paste. Radiographic examination after 2, 4 and 6 months revealed a reduction or stabilization of the periapical lesion. Conclusions: The CZT paste has shown excellent results and reduces the bacteria concentration to minimal level. The characteristics of this paste allow the clinician to carry out pulpar treatment in less time and to obtain superior results comparing with conventional techniques...(AU)